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A Forager’s Year

No. 176

Wintergreen

Gaultheria procumbens

checkerberry, teaberry, eastern teaberry

Fruit ripe red berries (eaten raw or cooked)

Drawing: Britton & Brown, Illustrated Flora (1913)

Find
Elusive
Effort
Grab & eat
ID risk
Careful
Origin
native
Safety marks
  • Toxic lookalike
  • Toxic parts
Uses
  • Eat raw / salad
  • Baking & desserts
  • Jam & jelly
  • Syrup & cordial
  • Wine & spirits

Season

  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec

in season peak

Picking: At least one park allows it. See Where you may pick.

What these mean

Find

1 Everywhere · 2 Common in the right habitat · 3 Patchy · 4 Elusive. This is about how much there is, not whether you may pick it. It is based on iNaturalist sightings within 25 km (about 15 miles) of downtown DC, counted on October 3, 2026. The four rules that each plant’s “Find” reason refers to: (A) the estimate is the confirmed sightings, plus the unconfirmed ones (scaled down where the plant has lookalikes in its genus), plus the sightings marked as planted; (B) the tier by estimate: 1,500 or more is tier 1, 250–1,499 tier 2, 50–249 tier 3, under 50 tier 4; (C) tier 1, Everywhere, also needs a source saying the plant is common in lawns, sidewalks, yards or gardens, vacant lots or towns, or at least one DC street tree of it per km of sidewalk, otherwise it is tier 2; (D) if a reliable source says the plant is rare in this region, or that wild plants rarely bear the harvest, only planted sightings count. iNaturalist is a website and phone app where people post photos of the plants and animals they see. A sighting is “research grade” when other users have confirmed what it is; “needs ID” sightings are not confirmed yet, and “cultivated” ones are marked as planted.

Effort

1 Grab & eat · 2 Quick kitchen prep (under about 30 minutes) · 3 Real work (hours, or cooking needed for safety) · 4 Project (days or equipment). Scored on the simplest worthwhile use; each plant’s page says why.

ID risk

How hard it is to harvest safely. Beginner: no dangerous lookalike, and the edible part is not easily confused with a toxic part. Careful: a toxic lookalike, or toxic parts that end up in the harvest unless removed (for example elderberry stems, unripe ground cherries), or other parts of the plant rated medium-or-higher toxicity, with reliable features to separate them. Expert only: a potentially deadly lookalike that is hard to separate, or (for not-recommended harvests like pokeweed) a plant whose safe preparation can’t be guaranteed. Toxic parts that are obviously separate and thrown away anyway (pits, seeds, skins) don’t raise it; the Toxic parts mark carries that warning.

Native or not, and the invader stars

Origin is where the plant comes from: native, non-native, or mixed (the harvest covers both). The stars rate plants on invasive plant lists: ★★★ Virginia DCR “High” or Maryland prohibited invasive · ★★ Virginia “Medium” · ★ Virginia “Low” · ☆ listed only by the Maryland Invasive Species Council or the Mid-Atlantic Plant Invaders guide (advisory) · no stars: native or not listed.

Safety marks and flags

Deadly lookalike / Toxic lookalike: a cited source names a lookalike of that danger, recorded near DC (an iNaturalist sighting within 25 km, a DC street tree, or a Smithsonian listing for DC) and looking like the part you eat. Other lookalikes are still listed, marked “not recorded near DC” or as not looking like the part you eat. Deadly means a source says eating it may be fatal or calls it deadly, or NC State rates it high severity with life-threatening symptoms (sources sometimes disagree; for example Virginia creeper). Each plant’s Lookalikes list says how to tell them apart; “harmless (may be edible)” lookalikes are listed so you know a mix-up isn’t dangerous. Cook first: cooking is needed for safety (for daylilies it is a precaution, not a sourced requirement). Eat in moderation: a source says to limit quantity or frequency (for example oxalates in sorrels and dock, ginkgotoxin, safrole). Spray risk: a source says the plant is commonly treated with herbicide in parks or lawns (invasive control, lawn weeds) or, for ginkgo, sprayed to stop fruiting. Contamination: a source says the plant concentrates pollutants. Each plant’s Safety flags list gives the details and sources.

Seasons

Start, peak and end are given in thirds of a month: early, mid or late. A plant counts as in season for a month if it is in season at any point in that month. Some greens and roots have a second window, in spring or fall; their page shows each window. A season that runs across New Year is shown as one window.

What it looks like

A native evergreen ground cover of the heath family, only 4 to 8 inches tall, that spreads by creeping underground stems into a carpet (NC State; Forest Service). Its glossy, leathery, oval leaves, 1-2 inches long, turn reddish to purple in cold weather and smell and taste like wintergreen when crushed (Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center; NC State). Small, pinkish-white, waxy, urn-shaped flowers form at the base of the leaves in summer (NC State). The "berry" is really a small capsule wrapped in a fleshy red calyx, about 3/8 inch across (NC State; Forest Service), bright red outside (Nature’s Restaurant) with white flesh that smells of methyl salicylate, the wintergreen compound (International Journal of Molecular Sciences review). Nature’s Restaurant describes a clean, minty taste, and Forager Chef calls the berries delicious. Each plant carries only a few berries (Forager Chef), so it is a woodland nibble and a garnish rather than a fruit to gather by the bowlful.

Safety

NC State lists the fruit as edible raw or cooked and names no poisonous part of the plant. A 2024 scientific review in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences says the plant’s long use points to its general safety as a food, and that reported poisonings concern swallowing distilled wintergreen oil. The berries contain natural salicylates, compounds related to aspirin, which give them their wintergreen smell (International Journal of Molecular Sciences review; Forager Chef). Never make or swallow the oil: oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) can be poisonous in large amounts (MedlinePlus), and the same review says as little as 4 mL can kill a child. Egypt’s drug authority says people allergic to aspirin or other salicylates should avoid wintergreen oil and that the oil should not be used for children under 12; Forager Chef and Nature’s Restaurant extend the aspirin-allergy warning to the plant itself, so anyone allergic to aspirin should skip the berries. Forager Chef says to eat the berries in moderation because of their aspirin-like compound, and Nature’s Restaurant says children under 12 and teenagers should probably not eat them, because of Reye’s syndrome; no medical or extension source checked sets a limit for the berries or confirms the Reye’s syndrome warning. Nature’s Restaurant also says to consider the raw leaves poisonous, a warning no safety source checked confirms; NC State says the leaf tea once made from the plant is no longer recommended. Toxic lookalike: spotted wintergreen, which NC State says is often confused with wintergreen; its dark blue-green leaves are mottled with white along the veins and have sharp-toothed edges, and its fruit is a dry brown capsule, not a red berry (NC State). It lacks the minty smell of true wintergreen (Forager Chef). NC State says spotted wintergreen’s foliage is toxic to sheep, and Forager Chef calls it moderately poisonous. Harmless lookalikes: partridgeberry, a creeping plant with small opposite leaves with a white central vein and an edible but rather tasteless red berry marked with a tiny dimple (NC State), and bearberry, whose berries are edible but mealy (NC State); neither has the wintergreen smell (Forager Chef). Crush a leaf before picking: true wintergreen leaves smell and taste like wintergreen (NC State).

Lookalikes

Safety flags

Safety marks and flags: what this means

Deadly lookalike / Toxic lookalike: a cited source names a lookalike of that danger, recorded near DC (an iNaturalist sighting within 25 km, a DC street tree, or a Smithsonian listing for DC) and looking like the part you eat. Other lookalikes are still listed, marked “not recorded near DC” or as not looking like the part you eat. Deadly means a source says eating it may be fatal or calls it deadly, or NC State rates it high severity with life-threatening symptoms (sources sometimes disagree; for example Virginia creeper). Each plant’s Lookalikes list says how to tell them apart; “harmless (may be edible)” lookalikes are listed so you know a mix-up isn’t dangerous. Cook first: cooking is needed for safety (for daylilies it is a precaution, not a sourced requirement). Eat in moderation: a source says to limit quantity or frequency (for example oxalates in sorrels and dock, ginkgotoxin, safrole). Spray risk: a source says the plant is commonly treated with herbicide in parks or lawns (invasive control, lawn weeds) or, for ginkgo, sprayed to stop fruiting. Contamination: a source says the plant concentrates pollutants. Each plant’s Safety flags list gives the details and sources.

ID risk
Careful
Why
Spotted wintergreen, which NC State says is often confused with wintergreen and whose foliage it calls toxic to sheep, has white-mottled, sharp-toothed leaves and a dry brown capsule instead of a red berry (NC State), and lacks the wintergreen smell (Forager Chef). Partridgeberry has edible red berries with a tiny dimple, on small opposite leaves with a white central vein (NC State). Crush a leaf: only true wintergreen smells of wintergreen (NC State; Forager Chef).
Soil risk
low
ID risk: what this means

How hard it is to harvest safely. Beginner: no dangerous lookalike, and the edible part is not easily confused with a toxic part. Careful: a toxic lookalike, or toxic parts that end up in the harvest unless removed (for example elderberry stems, unripe ground cherries), or other parts of the plant rated medium-or-higher toxicity, with reliable features to separate them. Expert only: a potentially deadly lookalike that is hard to separate, or (for not-recommended harvests like pokeweed) a plant whose safe preparation can’t be guaranteed. Toxic parts that are obviously separate and thrown away anyway (pits, seeds, skins) don’t raise it; the Toxic parts mark carries that warning.

Soil risk: what this means

Based on the part you eat, following the urban-soil lead guidance on the Field safety page: higher for greens, shoots and roots; moderate for flowers; low for fruit, nuts and sap.

Field safety for every outing (poison ivy, ticks, soil, and more)

When to pick

Starts
early Sep
Peak
early Nov–late Dec
Ends
mid Apr

NC State says the red fruit shows from September to November, and the Forest Service says it may stay on the plant until the following spring. Forager Chef says the berries ripen in autumn, last through the winter and can also be picked in spring, and Nature’s Restaurant gives late fall and winter as their season. Plants in heavy shade seldom bear berries, so look where some light reaches the forest floor (Nature’s Restaurant; Forest Service). Too few wintergreen sightings near DC carry a fruiting note to show when the berries ripen here.

How the dates were worked out

Every start, peak and end was re-checked in October 2026. “Sourced” means a source opened during the check states that timing for the DC or Mid-Atlantic area. “Estimated” means no source states it exactly; the reason, the evidence and the source links are under “How the dates were worked out” on each plant’s page. Peaks are often estimated, because few sources name a peak. iNaturalist evidence means research-grade sightings near DC, by month, of the plant at that stage (for example, in fruit). iNaturalist is a website and phone app where people post photos of the plants and animals they see. A sighting is “research grade” when other users have confirmed what it is; “needs ID” sightings are not confirmed yet, and “cultivated” ones are marked as planted.

Season basis: estimated: peak, end

Start

sourced

Peak

estimated: No source names a peak for the DC area. November and December are the late-fall and early-winter part of the season Nature’s Restaurant gives, when all of NC State’s September-to-November fruit has ripened; there are no DC-area fruiting records to check it against.

End

estimated: Sources say the berries hang on until the following spring but give no end date for the DC area; mid April is a cautious end for overwintered berries still worth picking, kept as a tail with the caveat in the notes.

Evidence

start: NC State (North Carolina; Piedmont and mountains): 'Fruit forms as a berry-like capsule with a large fleshy red edible caly 3/8". Displays from September to November.' Forest Service FEIS (Illinois): 'with the fruit maturing in September'. Nature’s Restaurant: 'Berries are ripe in September and stay on the plant until spring.' | peak: Nature’s Restaurant: 'Season: Late Fall & Winter'. NC State: 'Displays from September to November.' Forager Chef: 'The berries appear in summer and ripen in autumn, but will overwinter and can also be harvested in the spring.' | end: Forest Service FEIS: 'The fruit may remain attached till the following spring'. Forager Chef: 'will overwinter and can also be harvested in the spring.' International Journal of Molecular Sciences review: 'during the fruiting period, from early autumn to late spring.'

Where to look

Acid woods, all logged near DC on the Maryland side: most in Greenbelt’s North Woods and Hamilton Woods (picking rules not checked) and along the Rachel Carson Greenway on the Northwest Branch (a Montgomery County park, look but don’t pick), with other single sightings scattered from Travilah to Glenn Dale, Bowie and Laurel. The C&O Canal allows edible fruits generally but sets no limit for wintergreen, so it is ambiguous there (ask the park), though none is logged there. Mason Neck State Park in Virginia, which allows edible berries for personal use, has 10 iNaturalist sightings; otherwise pick on private land with the owner’s permission.

Habitats
old fields & meadows, upland oak-hickory woods, wetlands, marshes & pond edges
Habitats: what this means

Listed where the plant’s own sources place it in that habitat. “Disturbed ground & waste places” means a cited source places it on disturbed areas, sites, soil or ground, on waste places or waste ground, on construction or abandoned building sites (old home sites count), on rubble or in strip mines. When the source gives examples of the disturbed places, at least one example must be of that kind. Examples that do not count: natural or forestry disturbance (treefall gaps, fire, windthrow, flood scour, old riverbanks and creeks, clear-cuts); roadsides, railroads and rights-of-way; and abandoned fields, pastures and farmland, which are “Old fields & meadows”. “Vacant lots” only where a source says vacant or empty lots.

Most-logged places

None of the most-logged places allows picking.

Ask first: rules unclear or not checked

  • Greenbelt North Woods and Hamilton Woods

    3 sightings · Legal to pick: unknown · see them on iNaturalist

    Picking rules not checked.

No picking here (1 place)
  • Rachel Carson Greenway Trail (Wheaton section)

    3 sightings · Legal to pick: no · see them on iNaturalist

    Look but don’t pick: Montgomery/Prince George’s parks (M-NCPPC) ban harvesting vegetation without a permit.

Most-logged places: what this means

The places with the most research-grade iNaturalist sightings within 25 km of downtown DC (re-counted in October 2026 over every named place, campuses, condominiums and private grounds included), each marked legal to pick or not. A sighting inside several named places counts once, for the smallest of them, but a sighting inside a National Park Service park never counts for a private, campus or unchecked place. iNaturalist shows where people walk and log plants, not true abundance. Private campuses, condominiums, museums, estates and utility land (Pepco’s power-line land near Sligo Creek) are marked “no” (pick only with the owner’s permission); public university campuses, city parks and other places whose picking rules were not checked (county stormwater land, the U.S. Capitol Grounds, Greenbelt’s North Woods, federal facilities such as the National Zoo) are “unknown”. A place needs at least 2 sightings, so plants with very few sightings have no places. At-risk plants (butternut, nannyberry, American chestnut, ramps, riverbank goldenrod) get places like every other plant; each page says why the plant is at risk and gives any advice its sources give. For some places, mostly Rock Creek Park, the iNaturalist map shows more sightings than the count here, because a map link cannot leave out exactly the sightings credited to another place. iNaturalist is a website and phone app where people post photos of the plants and animals they see. A sighting is “research grade” when other users have confirmed what it is; “needs ID” sightings are not confirmed yet, and “cultivated” ones are marked as planted.

Ways to use it

  • eat raw as a woodland nibble (clean, minty taste; Nature’s Restaurant)
  • desserts and salads, raw or cooked (NC State)
  • garnish for desserts and ice cream, whole or mixed raw into fruit (Forager Chef)
  • jams, jellies and syrups (International Journal of Molecular Sciences review)
  • cooked into pies, as some tribes did (Brooklyn Botanic Garden)
  • wintergreen extract: cover fresh leaves and berries with brandy or vodka, infuse a week at room temperature, strain and refrigerate (Forager Chef)
  • harvest from plants in woods where light reaches the ground; plants in heavy shade seldom bear berries (Nature’s Restaurant; Forest Service)

Keeping

Refrigerate and use within a few days, or freeze them; a brandy or vodka extract keeps for months in the fridge (Forager Chef).

Use within
within a few days
Keeps fresh
General guidance for berries: refrigerate unwashed and use within a few days. No item-specific storage data was found.
Keeping basis
general guidance for its type

Ways to keep it

  • Freeze as researched: freeze; canning: n/a (not shelf-canned)

    Tray-freeze whole berries in a single layer, then pack them in freezer bags or containers (general guidance for berries, Utah State University Extension).

  • Infuse as researched: infuse/vinegar; canning: n/a (not shelf-canned)

    Wintergreen extract: cover fresh leaves and berries with brandy or vodka, infuse at room temperature for a week, strain, bottle and refrigerate; Forager Chef says it keeps a good flavor for a few months.

Canning: what this means

Shelf-stable canning, three levels. Lab-tested: a lab-tested recipe from the National Center for Home Food Preservation (NCHFP) or Oregon State covers this fruit and product, or a generic recipe for its kind (the line says so, for example chokeberry). Extension recipe: a published Extension recipe (University of Alaska Fairbanks, written for Alaska species; University of Maine’s dandelion jelly), or a process that is safe only with a pH meter; follow it exactly, never improvise. No tested recipe: refrigerate or freeze, don’t can. “Hot-bottled syrup” = maple and walnut syrup, which keep when bottled hot at full syrup density. The Canning line names the exact product each source covers, for example “whole berries” or “juice”; a product not named there (such as juice from a berry with only a whole-berry recipe) has no tested recipe.

Keeping basis: what this means

“Specific to this plant” or “general guidance for its type” (for example NCHFP guidance for leafy greens applied to a wild green).

Nutrition

Not researched: in October 2026, only the calendar’s plants of the month and chicory leaves were researched.

Native or not

Origin
native
Native range
eastern Canada and the eastern & north-central U.S.
Virginia invasive rank
not listed
Maryland invasive status
not listed
Native or not, and the invader stars: what this means

Origin is where the plant comes from: native, non-native, or mixed (the harvest covers both). The stars rate plants on invasive plant lists: ★★★ Virginia DCR “High” or Maryland prohibited invasive · ★★ Virginia “Medium” · ★ Virginia “Low” · ☆ listed only by the Maryland Invasive Species Council or the Mid-Atlantic Plant Invaders guide (advisory) · no stars: native or not listed.

Virginia DCR, Virginia Invasive Plant Species List (effective September 2024), verbatim: "Under the DCR Invasive Species Assessment Protocol, approved by the Virginia Invasive Species Working Group, January 2024, species were ranked as exhibiting high, medium or low levels of invasiveness based on their threat to natural communities and native species. Invasiveness rank is higher for species that: • Alter ecosystem processes, such as succession, hydrology or fire regime. • Are capable of invading undisturbed natural communities. • Cause substantial impacts on rare or vulnerable species or natural communities or high-quality examples of more common communities. • Are found widely distributed and generally abundant where present. • Disperse readily to new areas. • Are difficult to control." The list also states: "The list is for educational purposes only and has no regulatory authority."

Maryland Department of Agriculture, Maryland Prohibited Invasive Plant Law and Regulations page, verbatim: "Plants on the Maryland Prohibited Invasive Plant List may not be added to stock after the effective date and should not be sold after their phase-out period ends."

No official DC invasive plant list was found.

How the ratings were set

Find
Elusive Estimate 24 = 17 research-grade iNaturalist sightings within 25 km + 0 needs-ID sightings counted in full (wintergreen is the only Gaultheria with research-grade sightings here) + 7 'cultivated' (planted) sightings (rule A); that is tier 4 by count (rule B). Rule D does not apply: the Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora calls it "infrequent in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain", which is not a statement that it is rare or very infrequent there. Final tier 4.
Effort
Grab & eat Pick the few red berries off each plant and eat them raw or use them whole as a garnish; a brandy or vodka extract of leaves and berries, infused for a week, is a 2.
Find: what this means

1 Everywhere · 2 Common in the right habitat · 3 Patchy · 4 Elusive. This is about how much there is, not whether you may pick it. It is based on iNaturalist sightings within 25 km (about 15 miles) of downtown DC, counted on October 3, 2026. The four rules that each plant’s “Find” reason refers to: (A) the estimate is the confirmed sightings, plus the unconfirmed ones (scaled down where the plant has lookalikes in its genus), plus the sightings marked as planted; (B) the tier by estimate: 1,500 or more is tier 1, 250–1,499 tier 2, 50–249 tier 3, under 50 tier 4; (C) tier 1, Everywhere, also needs a source saying the plant is common in lawns, sidewalks, yards or gardens, vacant lots or towns, or at least one DC street tree of it per km of sidewalk, otherwise it is tier 2; (D) if a reliable source says the plant is rare in this region, or that wild plants rarely bear the harvest, only planted sightings count. iNaturalist is a website and phone app where people post photos of the plants and animals they see. A sighting is “research grade” when other users have confirmed what it is; “needs ID” sightings are not confirmed yet, and “cultivated” ones are marked as planted.

Effort: what this means

1 Grab & eat · 2 Quick kitchen prep (under about 30 minutes) · 3 Real work (hours, or cooking needed for safety) · 4 Project (days or equipment). Scored on the simplest worthwhile use; each plant’s page says why.

Sources

27 sources, each linked to the original.

  1. Prince William Forest Park Superintendent’s Compendium National Park Service, Prince William Forest ParkBacks up: picking rules
  2. C&O Canal NHP Superintendent’s Compendium National Park ServiceBacks up: picking rules
  3. Rock Creek Park Superintendent’s Compendium National Park ServiceBacks up: picking rules
  4. 4VAC5-30-50. Flowers, plants, minerals, etc. Virginia Law Library (law.lis.virginia.gov)Backs up: picking rules
  5. Gaultheria procumbens (Eastern Teaberry, Wintergreen, Checkerberry) Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower CenterBacks up: description, habitat
  6. iNaturalist research-grade observations of Gaultheria procumbens within 25 km of downtown DC iNaturalistBacks up: findability
  7. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Washington-Baltimore Area, Part I (Shetler & Orli, 2000) Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of BotanyBacks up: habitat
  8. Gaultheria procumbens L. (Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora) Virginia Botanical Associates (Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora)Backs up: habitat, findability
  9. How to Preserve Berries Utah State University ExtensionBacks up: keeping
  10. USDA PLANTS Database: Gaultheria procumbens (GAPR2), native status USDA NRCSBacks up: native or invasive status
  11. Virginia Invasive Plant Species List (effective date: September 2024) Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural HeritageBacks up: native or invasive status
  12. Maryland Prohibited Invasive Plant Law and Regulations (Maryland Prohibited Invasive Plant List, updated January 2026; additions effective July 15, 2026; 'Next Plants To Be Assessed' 2026-2027) Maryland Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection & Weed ManagementBacks up: native or invasive status
  13. Non-Native Invasive Terrestrial Plant Species in the State of Maryland (updates approved through the April 18, 2024 MISC meeting) Maryland Invasive Species CouncilBacks up: native or invasive status
  14. Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas, Field Guide (Swearingen & Fulton, 2022; successor to the NPS/USFWS 5th ed., 2017) Mid-Atlantic Invasive Plant Council / Passiflora Press (hosted by Bugwood/Mid-Atlantic Invaders Tool)Backs up: native or invasive status
  15. Invasive Plants in the District DC Department of Energy & EnvironmentBacks up: native or invasive status
  16. Methyl salicylate overdose (MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia) MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine (NIH)Backs up: safety
  17. Egyptian Herbal Monograph, Volume 4, Essential Oils with Medicinal Uses: Gaultheria procumbens L. and G. fragrantissima Wall. (2025) Egyptian Drug AuthorityBacks up: safety
  18. Chimaphila maculata (Spotted Wintergreen, Striped Wintergreen) NC State Extension Gardener Plant ToolboxBacks up: safety
  19. Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry) NC State Extension Gardener Plant ToolboxBacks up: safety
  20. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (Bearberry) NC State Extension Gardener Plant ToolboxBacks up: safety
  21. iNaturalist research-grade observations of Gaultheria procumbens within 25 km of Washington, DC, by month (fruiting annotation) iNaturalistBacks up: season
  22. Gaultheria procumbens (Coladonato 1994), Fire Effects Information System USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research StationBacks up: season, description, uses, habitat, picking rules
  23. Wintergreen Berries (Nature’s Restaurant: A Complete Wild Food Guide) Nature’s Restaurant OnlineBacks up: season, description, uses, habitat, safety
  24. Gaultheria procumbens (American Wintergreen, Boxberry, Checkerberry, Eastern Teaberry, Teaberry, Wintergreen) NC State Extension Gardener Plant ToolboxBacks up: season, description, uses, habitat, safety, native or invasive status
  25. Phytochemistry and Biological Profile of Gaultheria procumbens L. and Wintergreen Essential Oil: From Traditional Application to Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets (Michel et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25(1):565, 2024) International Journal of Molecular Sciences (MDPI), via PubMed Central (NIH National Library of Medicine)Backs up: season, description, uses, safety
  26. Eastern Teaberry or Wild Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) (Alan Bergo) Forager ChefBacks up: season, description, uses, safety, keeping
  27. Gaultheria procumbens L. - Wintergreen (New York Metropolitan Flora) Brooklyn Botanic GardenBacks up: uses, habitat